Numerical Study on Unsteady Pressure Distribution on Bulk Carrier in Head Waves with Forward Speed

This study deals with wave-induced unsteady pressure on a ship moving constant forward speed in regular head waves. Two different numerical methods are applied to solve wave–ship interaction problems: Rankine panel method which adopts velocity potential, and Cartesian-grid solves the momentum mass conservation equations under assumption of inviscid incompressible fluids. Before comparing l1ocal distributions, computational validated for global quantities, such as motion responses added resistance, by comparison available experimental data. Then, results data compared hydrodynamic pressure, particularly focusing magnitude first-harmonic component sections vertical locations. Furthermore, is used simulate various wave-amplitude conditions, characteristics zeroth-, first-, second-harmonic components investigated. The nonlinearity distribution observed mostly from near still-water-level bow normalized decreases wave steepness increases. Lastly, understand local time-averaged force analyzed. It found that major contribution occurs around stem above design waterline.